Dr.(Mrs.) BELONWU EUNICE NWAKAEGO

Publication Title EVALUATION OF SOME MAIZE (Zea mays L) VARIETIES ON THE GROWTH AND YIELD PERFORMANCE IN DELTA STATE, NIGERIA Download PDF
Publication Type journal
Publisher INT’L JOURNAL OF AGRIC. AND RURAL DEV.
Publication Authors aUmeri, C, bMoseri, H. cBelonwu, N.E., dEfoma, A.
Year Published 2022-09-09
Abstract Growth and cob weight yield of five maize varieties in Delta State, Nigeria were evaluated. Maize varieties used for the study were: Oba 98, Oba super 2, Low nitrogen tolerant plant (LNTP), Open pollinated variety (OPV) and local variety were subjected to experimentation. The design was a randomized complete block with three replicates. The plant parameters measured were: plant height, number of leaves/plant, leave area and stem girth. These were taken at 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 weeks after planting (WAP) Cob weight were also determined. The mean value across the varieties were subjected to Duncan multiple range test (DMRT) to test for the significant differences that existed among the varieties. The result showed that Plant height showed continuous increase across the varieties at 6, 8 and 10 WAP with significant differences across the varieties. At 10 WAP plant height was highest in OPV (264.3cm) and was least in LNTP (200.8cm). At 10 WAP Oba 98 (7.70cm) was the most significant in plant girth and was significantly different from other varieties. At 8 and 10WAP number of leaf was highest in OPV and was significantly different from other varieties. Mean cob weight was highest OPV (0.049t/ha) and was lowest in the local variety (3.8t/ha). It was concluded that OPV was the most outstanding variety having the highest cob weight of 4.8t/ha and therefore was recommended for farmers in the study area for cultivation without any form of fertilizer application. Key word: Maize, evaluation, parameter, performance, growth character, yield
Publication Title Assessment of Non-Governmental Organisations Activity Orientation and Prospect in Extension Delivery in Edo State, Nigeria Download PDF
Publication Type journal
Publisher Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare www.iiste.org ISSN 2224-3208 (Paper) ISSN 2225-093X (Online)
Publication Authors Igene, C.A.1 , Ighodalo, J.O.1 and Belonwu, N. E2 .
Year Published 2018-06-16
Abstract The study examined the prospect of Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) engagement in agricultural extension service delivery in Edo State, Nigeria. Specific issues addressed included the type of NonGovernmental Organizations (NGOs) operating in the study area, and their willingness to participate in extension service delivery. Data were collected with the aid of questionnaire, from 143 NGOs selected from the three agricultural zones of the state using Snowball sampling technique. The data collected were analyzed using frequency count and mean as well as Friedman test. The dominant forms of NGOs in the study area were; health (53.1%), economic (vocational skills capacity building) (35.7%), advocacy/good governance (32.9%) civil rights (28.0%), educational development (21%), environmental (16.1%) infrastructural development (8.4%), social welfare (7.7%), Society watchdog (2.8%), conflict resolution (2.8%), agriculture (2.1%) and religion (0.7%). Only few NGOs (23%) were engaged in entrepreneurial activities with crop and livestock farming being dominant. The Freidman test (? 2=41.55) was significant at 5%level indicating that significant differences existed among the NGO types in their willingness to engage in extension service delivery.NGO type such as agriculture (mean= 3.93), economic (vocational and capacity building) (mean=3.75), and educational (mean=3.66) were significantly more willing to engage in agric-oriented activities compared to other NGO types. It was recommended that appropriate policies and enabling environment should be put in place by agricultural policymaker to encourage NGOs participate in extension services, while linkage with ADPs be strengthen to enhance production performance of those engaged in farm enterprises.
Publication Title Effect of Cassava Peels and Palm Kernel Cake Meal Mixtures on the Heamatological and Serum Biochemical of Finisher Pigs Download PDF
Publication Type journal
Publisher EJFOOD, European Journal of Agriculture and Food Sciences Vol. 2, No. 4, August 2020
Publication Authors H. Moseri, E. N. Belonwu and C. Egieme
Year Published 2020-08-08
Abstract The research was carried out for a period of twenty two (22) weeks at the Piggery unit of the Teaching and Research Farm of the Faculty of Agriculture, Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma, Edo State, Nigeria. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of cassava peels and palm kernel cake (PKC) mixture at 1:1 ratio on haematological and serum biochemical of finisher pigs. Fourty (40) finisher pigs of large white breed were used for the study. Each group of finisher pigs contained eight pigs per treatment, were respectively allocated to five treatment diets in a completely randomized design (CRD). At the end of the twenty two (22) weeks feeding trial, ten pigs consisting of two pigs per treatment were randomly selected; animals were starved of feed for 12 hours before blood samples were collected from the two pigs each per treatment via the ear vein using a sterilized disposable syringe and needle. The parameters determined were red blood cells (RBC), haemoglobin (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV), white blood cell (WBC), total protein, albumin, globulin and serum cholesterol. This finding therefore recommended that cassava peels/pkc mixtures can successfully replace maize in finisher pigs ration without any adverse effect on the animals and consumers, since the haematological and serum biochemical parameters fell within normal values for pigs.
Publication Title AN APPRAISAL OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP COMPETENCES OF WOMEN FARMERS IN AGRIBUSINESS IN IKA SOUTH LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF DELTA STATE, NIGERIA. Download PDF
Publication Type journal
Publisher INT’L JOURNAL OF AGRIC. AND RURAL DEV.
Publication Authors Belonwu, N. E1 ., Igene,C. A2 ., Onyemekonwu, R.C3 .,
Year Published 2022-10-10
Abstract The study assessed the entrepreneurship competences of rural women farmers in agribusiness and constraints to entrepreneurial development in Ika South Local Government Area of Delta State, Nigeria. A total of one hundred and twenty one (121) women farmers were randomly selected and interviewed. Data were collected using questionnaire and interview schedule and were analyzed using descriptive statistical tools such as mean, frequency and percentage. The result showed that majority of women belongs to farmers association (70.2%) and earned an annual income of ?200,000 - ?500,000. Those embarked on production were (70.3%), marketing (54.5), processing (39.7), and the ownership pattern of women business was majorly sole proprietorship (91.7%). The respondents gave multiple responses on the areas of entrepreneurial competence which are systematic planning and monitoring (92.5%), goal setting (90.3%), risk taking (90.3), self confidence (70.3%) and information seeking (67.8%). The leading constraints are lack of start-up capital (95.4%), cumbersome procedure of farm credit facilities (92.5%), inadequate storage facilities (90.3%), high cost of farm inputs (89.2%) and unavailability of machines/equipment (87.6%). The general results shows that rural women farmers are engaged in diverse form and types of business and also have entrepreneurial competence in their enterprise but were limited by several constraints which was capable of affecting their entrepreneurial development. It is recommended that women farmers should be educated on how to obtain capital for start up business so as to help build their capital base, rural women farmers should equally be encouraged to join more farmers groups as this is a quick means of raising fund, storage facilities and farm input should be made available to women farmers by the government through its agencies such as the ministry of agriculture
Publication Title AN APPRAISAL OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP COMPETENCES OF WOMEN FARMERS IN AGRIBUSINESS IN IKA SOUTH LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF DELTA STATE, NIGERIA. Download PDF
Publication Type journal
Publisher INT’L JOURNAL OF AGRIC. AND RURAL DEV.
Publication Authors Belonwu, N. E1., Igene,C. A2., Onyemekonwu, R.C3.,
Year Published 2022-12-12
Abstract The study assessed the entrepreneurship competences of rural women farmers in agribusiness and constraints to entrepreneurial development in Ika South Local Government Area of Delta State, Nigeria. A total of one hundred and twenty one (121) women farmers were randomly selected and interviewed. Data were collected using questionnaire and interview schedule and were analyzed using descriptive statistical tools such as mean, frequency and percentage. The result showed that majority of women belongs to farmers association (70.2%) and earned an annual income of ?200,000 - ?500,000. Those embarked on production were (70.3%), marketing (54.5), processing (39.7), and the ownership pattern of women business was majorly sole proprietorship (91.7%). The respondents gave multiple responses on the areas of entrepreneurial competence which are systematic planning and monitoring (92.5%), goal setting (90.3%), risk taking (90.3), self confidence (70.3%) and information seeking (67.8%). The leading constraints are lack of start-up capital (95.4%), cumbersome procedure of farm credit facilities (92.5%), inadequate storage facilities (90.3%), high cost of farm inputs (89.2%) and unavailability of machines/equipment (87.6%). The general results shows that rural women farmers are engaged in diverse form and types of business and also have entrepreneurial competence in their enterprise but were limited by several constraints which was capable of affecting their entrepreneurial development. It is recommended that women farmers should be educated on how to obtain capital for start up business so as to help build their capital base, rural women farmers should equally be encouraged to join more farmers groups as this is a quick means of raising fund, storage facilities and farm input should be made available to women farmers by the government through its agencies such as the ministry of agriculture.
Publication Title AVAILABILITY, ACCESSIBILITY AND UTILISATION OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY (ICT) AMONG EXTENSION WORKERS IN THE IKA SOUTH LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF DELTA STATE Download PDF
Publication Type journal
Publisher University of Delta Journal of Contemporary Studies in Education
Publication Authors Belonwu, N. E.1; Umeri, C.2; Moseri, H.3; Onikor O. J.4
Year Published 2022-02-02
Abstract The study investigated the availability, accessibility and utilisation of Information and Communication Technology among extension workers in the Ika South Local Government Area of Delta State. A total of 80 respondents were selected for the study. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and analysed using descriptive statistical tools (frequency, percentage mean). The grand mean was used to separate the strong constraints from the weak ones, and Pearson Product Moment Correlation was used to test the relationship between extension workers' socio-economic characteristics and the utilisation of ICT facilities for extension service delivery. The ICTs were looked into in three areas (Broadcast/studio visual, telecommunication/ computer and print technology). The result shows that (13.7%) majority accessed and utilised projector (broadcast/studio). The result on telecommunication/computers revealed that a higher proportion (17.5%) accessed and utilised computers available to them for extension service delivery. On print technology, it shows that the majority (93.7%) agreed with the availability, accessibility and utilisation of agricultural maps. However, the level of personal income (mean=2.83) was the only strong …
Publication Title ASSESSMENT OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF LINKAGES BETWEEN THE MAIN ACTORS IN EXTENSION DELIVERY SYSTEM IN DELTA STATE, NIGERIA Download PDF
Publication Type journal
Publisher International Journal of Development Research
Publication Authors 1Belonwu, N. E., 2Erie, G. O. and *,3Nwabeze, G. O.
Year Published 2016-10-10
Abstract The study was designed to test the effectiveness of the linkages between the main actors in the extension delivery system in Delta State. The study sampled 120 farmers. Two cells were selected from five extension blocks making a total of 10 cells and six each from contact and non contact farmers were randomly selected from each of the ten cells. All the 81 extension Administration operating in the Delta North ADP zone were sampled, while Ten (10) administrators were randomly sampled from two innovation centres at five per centre. Descriptive statistical tools were employed in the study. The study found that farmers generally had a low rating for the effectiveness of linkages with the ADP services. About 57% of the farmers scored the extension agents services less than 68% on contact rating. The study concluded that there was no strong linkage that exists among researchers, extension agents and farmers.
Publication Title Relative Contributions of Farm and Non- Farm Activities of Rural Women to Household Quality Of Life in Edo and Delta States, Nigeria Download PDF
Publication Type journal
Publisher IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science (IOSR-JAVS)
Publication Authors Belonwu, N. E1., Prof. E.A.Onemolease2., Nwabeze, G. O3., Moseri .B.1, Igene C. A2., Egieme.C1. Idiake-Ochei,O4.
Year Published 2018-06-06
Abstract The study assessed the relative contributions of farm and non-farm activities of rural women to household quality of life in Delta and Edo States of Nigeria. Data was collected from 278 respondents, randomly selected from 8 local government areas in two agricultural zones of the states. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistic tools of frequency count, percentage, mean, while Anova, Friedman and Probit regression tests were used to analyse the hypothesis. The socio-economic characteristics revealed that the women were young (average age was (40-48years), educated with 74.46% having formal education, experienced in farming (average was 9years), Married (70.14%) household size (5persons), high percentage (43.88%) engaged in both activities and (56.12%) of the respondents were not diversified in their economic engagement. Marketing and trading of agricultural produce (53.6%) and (42.1%) were the major farm and non- farm enterprise of the respondents respectively. The rural women believed their income generating activities had contributed to family welfare. Household regular feeding (mean=3.06), good health care (mean=2.92), quality food (mean=2.89), Land ownership (mean=2.69), Attendance of good sch=2.62), Comfortable housing (mean=2.62), Means of transportation, (mean=2.59), Quality household facilities, (mean=2.42) and sufficient savings for future (mean=2.32). Major constraints faced by rural women in the pursuance of their farm enterprise include: pest and diseases (mean=2.64), high cost of transport (mean=2.63), bad road network (mean=2.61), lack/inadequate improved planting materials (mean=2.58), and inadequate capital (mean=2.50). The major constrains faced in non-farm enterprise include, high competition from other entrepreneurs (mean=3.51), job insecurity(mean=3.19), lack of information on how to start a business(mean=2.87), inadequate capital (mean=3.11), government high tax mean=2.54), low salary/remuneration (mean= 3.16), and low pricing (mean=3.23).Probit regression test result revealed that education (b = -o.465) house hold size (b= -0.312) and farm size (b= 0.709), had significant influence on the women economic diversification decision. Anova result (F=0.379) revealed that though the mean income of those engaged in farm and non-farm enterprises was the highest (N 361,713.12) and this was not significantly different from those who were engaged in farm enterprise only (N 330,258.82 ) and those engaged in non-farm enterprise only (N 298,450.70). Anova result (F =0.739) also revealed that respondents engaged in both farm and non- farm activities had the highest welfare score (122), indicating a higher quality of life. Freidman’s test revealed that significant difference existed in the seriousness of the constraints faced by the respondents in their farm activities. Constraints like high cost of transportation (mean=7.37), pest and diseases (mean= 7.36), bad road (mean= 7.33), lack of improved planting materials (mean= 7.26), and inadequate capital (mean= 6.82) were the most significant. Friedman test result (x2 =243.80) equally showed that high business competition (mean = 5.89) was the most significant constraint faced by the respondents in their non-farm enterprise. The general results show that rural women actually engaged in both economic and non-economic enterprises and that they derived more income from the farm and non-farm (N 361,713.12) which is their major source of income since farm activities do not sustain them adequately. it also showed or revealed the fact that where women are not diversified, they tend to have a higher level of investment in their sole enterprise be it farm or non-farm but regardless of whatever activities they are into, the women appear to be faced with certain constraints which affected their enterprise and the contribution to household quality of life. It is recommended that government should seriously consider formulating Policies that recognize the diversity and heterogeneity of women’s income generating activities and must seek to enable each type of IGAs to earn more income. This can be achieved through assurance of adequate access to credit facilities on reasonable terms for acquisition of necessary inputs. Alternatively the government and AID agencies should try to reach women so that they could have direct access to the information of any available assistance.
Publication Title Information Needs of Fish-Feed Entrepreneurs in Kainji Lake Basin Nigeria Download PDF
Publication Type journal
Publisher Journal of Agricultural Extension
Paper Link https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jae.v21i3.5
Publication Authors Nwabeze, G. O., Ibeun, B. A, Faleke, S., 1, , Omeje, J. E, Belonwu, , N. E, Igene C. A. , Ogbonna, K., Nwanjoku, V. A., Ighoro, A.
Year Published 2017-10-10
Abstract The study examined information needs of fish-feed entrepreneurs in the Kainji Lake Basin, Nigeria. Multistage sampling technique was used to select twenty-nine respondents for the study. Semi-structured interview schedule was employed for data collection. Data were analysed using percentages, mean, standard deviation and cost analyses function. The study revealed that 41.4% of the respondents were within the age bracket 40-44 years with mean age of 41 years. The majority (93.1%) of the respondents were married with 48.2% of the respondents having educational qualification beyond secondary level. The challenges of operating fish-feed enterprise in the area were high cost of fish meal ( x =3.76, SD= 0.51), lack of access to credit ( x =3.48, SD= 0.74) and lofty cost of operating milling machine ( x =2.93, SD= 3.70). The profitability analysis for investing in fish-feed enterprise revealed that the gross margin per unit fish-feed was ?49.85. The respondents require information from extension on access to credit facility and training on cost effective fish-feed formulation. Linkage with credit sources and training skill on fish-feed formulation should be incorporated into fisheries training to ensure effective extension delivery system.
Publication Title THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT RATES OF POULTRY MANURE ON DRY SEASON FARMING OF TOMATOES (Lycopersicon esculentum) IN DERIVED SAVANNA AREA OF DELTA STATE, NIGERIA Download PDF
Publication Type journal
Publisher Agricultural Economics and Extension Research Studies (AGEERS)Vol 9, No.1,2021
Publication Authors Umeri, C1 ., Belonwu N.E and Ossia Edith
Year Published 2021-01-12
Abstract A Field trial on the performance of the effect of different rate of poultry manure on dry season farming of tomatoes (lycopersicon esculentum) carried out in the demonstration farm of College of Education Agbor in derived savanna Area of latitude 50S and 80N and longitude 50W and 70E of Delta State. The design was a randomized complete block with three replicates. Each plot measured 2.1 x 1m with alley of 1m between plots and replicates. There were thus, a total of 15 plots (3x5). The experiment area used was 107.3m2 . The plant spacing was 75 x 25. Cherry tomatoes variety was used. The following treatment was applied, 0kg/ha, 3.6kg/ha, 5.4kg/ha, 7.2kg/ha and 9.0kg/ha. Seed longs were transplanted after a month to the permanent plots, the effect of different rate of poultry manure was monitored on the plant height, number of leave, leave area, stem girth, number of flower, and number of fruit. Based on the findings of this study, it was concluded that the application of 9.0kg of poultry manure was the best in Agbor, Delta State for the cultivation of dry season tomatoes since this treatments have proved to be the best among the treatment and was significantly different from other treatments in term of growth and yield. Based on the findings, it was recommended that the application of poultry manure at 9.0kg be adopted by farmers in Agbor, Delta State for the cultivation of dry season tomatoes.
Publication Title ASSESSMENT OF SMALL HOLDER FARMERS SAVINGS IN IKA SOUTH LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF DELTA STATE, NIGERIA Download PDF
Publication Type journal
Publisher Applied Tropical Agriculture, Volume 28, No.1, June 2023
Publication Authors 1Belonwu, N. E., Moseri, H., Umeri, C., and 2Nwabeze, G. O.
Year Published 2023-06-01
Abstract determine savings among smallholder farmers in Ika south local government area of Delta State, Nigeria, specifically it investigated the socioeconomic characteristics of smallholder farmers; identify the major reasons they save; and determine factors influencing savings. Multi stage sampling method was used in the selection of one hundred and thirty-two (132) respondents. Descriptive and inferential statistical tools were used to analyze data collected. Results revealed that respondents were of age (49 years), mostly male (84.6%), married (66.7%), educated (82.5%) with household size of six persons, experienced in farming -50,000 and involved in small scale production, Majority (54.5%) save cash and patronized formal saving institutions, The result revealed majority (69.6%) were constrained by inadequate farm income and that significant relationship existed between age ,sex, marital status, education, household size, farming experience, farm size, household income and their method of saving. Based on the findings, it was concluded that they have been involved in savings with formal financial institutions. However, their saving has been affected negatively. It therefore important, they are encouraged to go into large scale production that improves productivity, attract more income and have enough to save.
Publication Title AVAILABILITY, ACCESSIBILITY AND UTILISATION OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY (ICT) AMONG EXTENSION WORKERS IN THE IKA SOUTH LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF DELTA STATE Download PDF
Publication Type journal
Publisher University of Delta Journal of Contemporary Studies in Education
Publication Authors Belonwu, N. E.1 ; Umeri, C.2 ; Moseri, H.3 ; Onikor O. J.4
Year Published 2022-10-10
Abstract The study investigated the availability, accessibility and utilisation of Information and Communication Technology among extension workers in the Ika South Local Government Area of Delta State. A total of 80 respondents were selected for the study. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and analysed using descriptive statistical tools (frequency, percentage mean). The grand mean was used to separate the strong constraints from the weak ones, and Pearson Product Moment Correlation was used to test the relationship between extension workers' socio-economic characteristics and the utilisation of ICT facilities for extension service delivery. The ICTs were looked into in three areas (Broadcast/studio visual, telecommunication/ computer and print technology). The result shows that (13.7%) majority accessed and utilised projector (broadcast/studio). The result on telecommunication/computers revealed that a higher proportion (17.5%) accessed and utilised computers available to them for extension service delivery. On print technology, it shows that the majority (93.7%) agreed with the availability, accessibility and utilisation of agricultural maps. However, the level of personal income (mean=2.83) was the only strong … constraint to the use of ICT among extension personnel in the area. Other constraints were regarded as weak because they fell below the benchmark mean of 2.50. The hypothesis tested using a grand mean (1.88) suggests that constraints such as level of personal income (mean=2.83), years of experience at work (mean=2.39) and gender (mean=2.07) were significantly more important in affecting extension agents in the use of ICT compared to other constraints. The result also shows that significant relationship existed between age (r = 0.175; p<0.05), education (r = 0.276, p < 0.05) and job experience (r = 0.221, p < 0.05). It is therefore concluded that the use of ICT among extension workers has not gained popularity with special reference to broadcast/studio visual technologies and telecommunication /computer technology. The extensionists are probably relying on personal contact with farmers, which has always been criticised for targeting small farmers. It is recommended that; Special training in the form of seminars and workshops be organised by the appropriate authorities to sensitise extension workers. This will help to build their capacities on the use of appropriate gargets.
Publication Title DETERMINANTS OF HOUSEHOLDS’ LIVELIHOOD AMONG RURAL WOMEN IN DELTA NORTH LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF DELTA STATE, NIGERIA Download PDF
Publication Type journal
Publisher Agricultural Economics and Extension Research Studies (AGEERS)Vol 8, No.1, 2020
Publication Authors Belonwu, N. E1 ., Onemolease E.A. 2Igene C. A2
Year Published 2020-01-01
Abstract This study assessed the determinants of households’ quality of life among rural women in Delta North Local Government Area of Delta State, Nigeria. A total of 200 households were randomly selected using the multistage sampling procedure. Delta North zone purposively selected as it has the highest intensity of agricultural activities and the highest concentration of arable crop farmers. Five Local Government Areas out of the nine in Delta North Senatorial District were purposively selected. The study achieved the following objectives: to describe the socioeconomic characteristics of women, identify the main sources of livelihood of women, and to analyse the determinants of the selected livelihood strategies in the study area. Data were collected using structured questionnaire. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data analysis. Result shows that (28.0%) of the rural women were young, married, had formal education, with large household size and well experienced in farming. A higher percentage were engaged in farm enterprise and considered problems such as pest and diseases, high cost of transport, bad road network, lack/inadequate improved planting materials, and inadequate capital as most serious faced. Probit regression test result revealed that education (? = -0.465) house hold size (? = -0.312) and farm size (?= 0.709), had significant influence on the women livelihood enterprise decision. It is recommended that government should seriously consider formulating Policies that recognize the diversity and heterogeneity of women’s income generating activities. Keywords: Quality of lif
Publication Title EFFECTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON FARMERS PRODUCTION AND HOUSEHOLD WELFARE IN EDO STATE, NIGERIA. Download PDF
Publication Type journal
Publisher INT’L JOURNAL OF AGRIC. AND RURAL DEV. ©SAAT FUTO 2023
Publication Authors 1 Igene, C. A., 2Onymekonwu, Raymond Chukwuka and 3Belonwu, N. E
Year Published 2023-02-03
Abstract The study analyzed the effects of climate change on farmer’s productivity and household welfare in Edo State, Nigeria. Specific issues examined were the socioeconomic characteristics of farming households, the effect of climate change on farming activities, and the effect of climate change on the famer’s household welfare in the study area. Structured questionnaire was used to collect responses from 240 respondents selected through multi-stage sampling procedure. Data collected were analyzed using frequency, mean, percentage and mean. The result revealed that the farmers were majorly male (81.3%), married (62.5%), educated (82.0%) and had a mean household size of 9 persons. The farmers had some experience in farming (mean of 14 years) and operated a mean farm size of 6.1 hectare. Drought (long absence of rain) (mean=3.22), increased outbreak of crop diseases (mean=2.65), increased in insect infestation (mean=3.58) and damage to crop production/ yield loss (mean=2.53) were the effect of changes on farming activities found to be serious among the farmers while increase in cost of production and household spending (mean=3.50), reduction of farm income (mean=3.18), reduction of nonfarm income (mean=2.92), loss of harvest (mean= 2.70), affected household access to food (mean=2.55) and increase in pest and disease infestation in homes (mean=2.52) were climate change effect found to be serious on the household welfare of the farmers. It was concluded that the farmers have experienced the effect of climate change in their production. However, the effects of climate change on the farmers were majorly noticed in their farming activities and household welfare. It was recommended that farmers should be assisted with irrigation facilities to help reduces the effect of drought. Also agricultural extension agencies in the study should target the farmers with the view of providing solution to the incidence of pest and disease resulting from climate change and advice farmers on appropriate strategies to cope with climate change.
Publication Title EVALUATION OF GROWTH PERFORMANCE AND CARCASS TRAITS OF BROILERS FED DRIED SWEET POTATOES PEEL AS A REPLACEMENT FOR MAIZE Download PDF
Publication Type journal
Publisher FUW Journal of Agriculture & Life Sciences Vol. No. 2023
Publication Authors * 1Moseri, H., 1Belonwu, E. N., 3Amaza, I. B., 4 Iwegbu, A. and 5Okoh, J. J.
Year Published 2023-10-10
Abstract A six-week study was carried out in Poultry Unit of Agricultural Research Farm, University of Delta, Agbor, to evaluate the replacement of dried sweet potatoes peel meal with maize on the growth performance and carcass quality of broiler birds. Dried sweet potatoes peel meal replaced maize at 0 (control), 10, 20, 30 and 40% levels.150 seven days old unisex broiler birds were used for the experiment, randomly allocated to the five dietary treatments with 30 birds each, replicated three times with 10 birds each in a completely randomized design (CRD). Feed and water were provided as ad-libitum. Growth performance of broiler chicks on average weekly weight gain was significantly (p?0.05) higher on diet 0% (179g) and 10 (175g) compared to other diets at 20 (143g), 30 (133g) and 40% (123g) respectively. Feed intake declined as the levels of diet increased from 0% (448g) to 40% (375.25g) respectively. Feed conversion ratio was better in diet 0% (2.50). Mortality percentage was lower in 10% (1.54) diet. Carcass characteristics and cut-parts were significantly better in 0% and 10% diets compared to 20, 30 and 40%. Therefore, 10% diet is recommended since it enhances better growth performance and carcass quality of broiler birds fed dried sweet potatoes peel meal compared to others diets
Publication Title ASSESSMENT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION STRATEGIES USED BY RURAL FARMERS IN EDO STATE, NIGERIA Download PDF
Publication Type journal
Publisher Journal of Agriculture and Environment Vol. 19 No. 1, 2023: 85-94
Publication Authors C.A. Igene1 , R.C. Onymekonwu2 and N.E. Belonwu3
Year Published 2023-10-11
Abstract The study was undertaken to assess the climate change adaptation strategies used by rural farmers in Edo State, Nigeria. A multi-stage sampling procedure was used to select 240 respondents for questionnaire administration and interviews. Descriptive statistics and Chi – square tests were used for data analysis. Results showed that the respondents were majorly male (81.3%) and married (62.5%) with a mean age of 38 years. Respondents were educated (82.0%), had a mean household size of 9 persons with farming experience of 14 years. About 93% of the farmers practice mixed cropping and all sourced their information on climate change from fellow farmers. Mixed farming (mean-3.76), increased use of fertilizer or other technologies to increase yield (mean=3.36), use of improve variety/early maturing plant (mean=3.36), use of irrigation (mean=3.32), use of drought tolerant crops or livestock (mean=3.07), planting cover crops (mean=3.06) and of soil and water conservation methods (mean=3.06) were the leading climate change adaptation strategies used by the farmers. The respondents’ socioeconomic characteristics had significant association with the adoption of climate change adaptation strategies adopted by the farmers. It was concluded that the farmers have experienced the effect of climate change on their production, as such took some steps further to source information on climate change through various sources. It was recommended that extension service providers should expose farmers in the study area to improved climate change adaptation practices and to also provide necessary funds that will enable the farmers execute these improved practices.
Publication Title CONSTRAINTS TO RURAL WOMEN FARMERS’ INVOLVEMENT IN LIVELIHOOD ACTIVITIES IN DELTA AND EDO STATES OF NIGERIA Download PDF
Publication Type journal
Publisher Journal of Agriculture and Environment Vol. 19 No. 1, 2023: 95-107
Publication Authors N.E. Belonwu1 , C. Umeri1 , H. Moseri1 and C.A. Igene
Year Published 2023-10-11
Abstract The study assessed constraints to rural women’s livelihood activities in Delta and Edo states Nigeria. Multi-stage sampling technique was used to select 278 rural women farmers. Data were collected with the aid of structured questionnaire, analyzed using descriptive statistical tool and Friedman test. Results revealed that the average age of respondents was 40.8years. Most of the respondents are married (70.14%), educated (74.46%), experienced (9 years), and with an average household size of 5 persons. Both activities (Farming and Non-farming) (43.88%) were found to be the major livelihood activities of the rural women. Several constraints were found to be faced by rural women in the pursuance of their different enterprise activities in the area, regardless of whatever activities they are into, they appear to be faced with certain constraints which affected their enterprise activities. Freidman’s test revealed a significant difference existed in the seriousness of the constraints faced by the respondents in their activities. It is recommended that Government should improve rural infrastructures like good road network, rural electrification, potable water, telecommunication service, and affordable healthcare system since they are important for enhancing economic activities. Government should initiate policy for reducing risk and uncertainties inherent in agricultural activities in order to encourage farmers to remain in the business of farming, creating a financial credit pool for women using the Welfare Departments of local government councils, and organizing women farmers into functional women cooperatives for easy access to loans and farm input.
Publication Title NUTRIENT DIGESTIBILITY AND REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE OF PREGNANT GILTS FED CASSAVA PEEL AND PALM KERNEL CAKE MEAL BASED DIET Download PDF
Publication Type journal
Publisher Journal of Agriculture and Environment Vol. 19 No. 1, 2023: 117-124
Publication Authors H. Moseri1 , C. Umeri1 , E.N. Belonwu1 and J.J. Okoh2
Year Published 2023-10-11
Abstract Twenty-four weeks feeding trial was conducted to determine the effect of cassava peel (CP) and palm kernel cake (PKC) meal-based diets on the apparent digestibility and reproductive performance of pregnant gilts. The mixture was achieved on a one- to-one weight basis. The mixture replaced maize at 0 (control), 10, 20, 30and 40% levels. Forty large white breed gilts with average weight (43-45kg) were randomly allocated to the five diets, replicated eight times in a completely randomized design (CRD) with eight gilts per diet. Feed and water were provided as required. Apparent digestibility was significantly (p?0.05) affected, while productive performance of average weekly weight gain was significantly (p?0.05) higher on diet 0% (2.93kg) compared to diets 10 (2.86), 20 (2.55), 30 (2.83) and 40% (2.42kg). Feed intake was significantly (p?0.05) better on diets 20% (18.92kg), 30 and 40% (18.90kg) compared to diets 10 (18.68) and 0% (18.50kg) respectively. Feed conversion ratio significantly (p?0.05) differ on diet 0% (6.31) compared to diets (10, 6.53; 20, 7.42; 30, 6.68; 40, 7.80). Protein efficiency ratio (PER) was significantly (p<0.05) better on diet 30% (4.60) compared to diets 20 (4.29), 0 (3.42), 40(3.30) and 20% (2.77) in that order. The average weight of piglets at farrowing was significantly (p<0.05) higher in 40% (1.20) diet compared to diets 10, 20, 30 (1.10kg) and 0% (0.97kg) respectively. Therefore, 10% diet is recommended since it enhances the reproductive performance of pregnant gilts and compete famously with other diets at total piglets’ weight at farrowing.
Publication Title ANALYSIS OF SMALL-SCALE FARMER’S INCOME IN MELON PRODUCTION IN DELTA STATE, NIGERIA Download PDF
Publication Type journal
Publisher Journal of Agripreneurship and Sustainable Development (JASD)
Publication Authors 1Onyemekonwu, R.C., 2Belonwu, E. N. and 1Ehiwario, F. A
Year Published 2019-02-02
Abstract The study analyzed the small-scale farmers’ income in melon production in Delta State, Nigeria. Specific issues examined were the socio-economic characteristics of melon farmers in the study area, identified the farmers’ major sources of information in melon production and identified the possible constraints faced by respondents in melon production in the study area. Multi-stage sampling technique comprising of purposive and random sampling was used to select 110 respondents. Data collected were analyzed using frequency count, mean and percentage while the Chi-square and Friedman test were used to test the hypotheses. The result showed that majority (69.1%) fell into the model class of 41 years and above having a mean of 47.2 years, 50.0% had a melon farming experience of 6 -10 years with the mean farming experience being 9.4, 52.7% had 6-10 members with a men household size of 9.7 members. The respondents mean annual income from melon farming was ?28,640.90 and majority (74.5%) of the melon farmers studied do not belong to any farmers’ association. 100% of the respondents’ source information on melon farming from fellow farmers. Poor capital (mean = 3.50), inadequate extension services (mean = 3.50) pest and disease problem (mean = 3.41) and lack of improved seeds (mean = 3.32) were the serious constraints faced by respondents in melon production. Significant relationship existed between respondents between respondents’ age (x 2 = 44.569; P<0.05), level of education (x 2 = 15.721; P<0.05), melon farming experience (x 2 = 4.842; P< 0.05), household size (x 2 = 9.430; P<0.05), association membership (x 2 = 20.621; P<0.05) and the farmers income derived from melon farming. It was concluded that melon production in the study area was constrained by several factors such as poor capital, inadequate extension, problem of pest and diseases, lack of improved varieties that are capable of reducing the farmers production output and make farmers reduce their interest in the production of the crop. It was recommended that agricultural extension agencies in the state should target melon farmers in the study area should target melon farmers in the study area with special training programmes
Publication Title ASSESSMENT OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF LINKAGES BETWEEN THE MAIN ACTORS IN EXTENSION DELIVERY SYSTEM IN DELTA STATE, NIGERIA Download PDF
Publication Type journal
Publisher International Journal of Development Research Vol. 06, Issue, 10, pp.xxx-xxx, October, 2016
Publication Authors 1Belonwu, N. E., 2Erie, G. O. and *,3Nwabeze, G. O.
Year Published 2016-10-11
Abstract The study was designed to test the effectiveness of the linkages between the main actors in the extension delivery system in Delta State. The study sampled 120 farmers. Two cells were selected from five extension blocks making a total of 10 cells and six each from contact and non contact farmers were randomly selected from each of the ten cells. All the 81 extension Administration operating in the Delta North ADP zone were sampled, while Ten (10) administrators were randomly sampled from two innovation centres at five per centre. Descriptive statistical tools were employed in the study. The study found that farmers generally had a low rating for the effectiveness of linkages with the ADP services. About 57% of the farmers scored the extension agents services less than 68% on contact rating. The study concluded that there was no strong linkage that exists among researchers, extension agents and farmers.
Publication Title Relative Contributions of Farm and Non- Farm Activities of Rural Women to Household Quality Of Life in Edo and Delta States, Nigeria Download PDF
Publication Type journal
Publisher IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science (IOSR-JAVS)
Paper Link DOI: 10.9790/2380-1106011326
Publication Authors Belonwu, N. E 1 ., Prof. E.A.Onemolease2 ., Nwabeze, G. O 3 ., Moseri .B. 1 , Igene C. A 2 ., Egieme.C1. Idiake-Ochei,O4 .
Year Published 2018-06-06
Abstract The study assessed the relative contributions of farm and non-farm activities of rural women to household quality of life in Delta and Edo States of Nigeria. Data was collected from 278 respondents, randomly selected from 8 local government areas in two agricultural zones of the states. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistic tools of frequency count, percentage, mean, while Anova, Friedman and Probit regression tests were used to analyse the hypothesis. The socio-economic characteristics revealed that the women were young (average age was (40-48years), educated with 74.46% having formal education, experienced in farming (average was 9years), Married (70.14%) household size (5persons), high percentage (43.88%) engaged in both activities and (56.12%) of the respondents were not diversified in their economic engagement. Marketing and trading of agricultural produce (53.6%) and (42.1%) were the major farm and nonfarm enterprise of the respondents respectively. The rural women believed their income generating activities had contributed to family welfare. Household regular feeding (mean=3.06), good health care (mean=2.92), quality food (mean=2.89), Land ownership (mean=2.69), Attendance of good sch=2.62), Comfortable housing (mean=2.62), Means of transportation, (mean=2.59), Quality household facilities, (mean=2.42) and sufficient savings for future (mean=2.32). Major constraints faced by rural women in the pursuance of their farm enterprise include: pest and diseases (mean=2.64), high cost of transport (mean=2.63), bad road network (mean=2.61), lack/inadequate improved planting materials (mean=2.58), and inadequate capital (mean=2.50). The major constrains faced in non-farm enterprise include, high competition from other entrepreneurs (mean=3.51), job insecurity(mean=3.19), lack of information on how to start a business(mean=2.87), inadequate capital (mean=3.11), government high tax mean=2.54), low salary/remuneration (mean= 3.16), and low pricing (mean=3.23).Probit regression test result revealed that education (b = -o.465) house hold size (b= - 0.312) and farm size (b= 0.709), had significant influence on the women economic diversification decision. Anova result (F=0.379) revealed that though the mean income of those engaged in farm and non-farm enterprises was the highest (N 361,713.12) and this was not significantly different from those who were engaged in farm enterprise only (N 330,258.82 ) and those engaged in non-farm enterprise only (N 298,450.70). Anova result (F =0.739) also revealed that respondents engaged in both farm and non- farm activities had the highest welfare score (122), indicating a higher quality of life. Freidman’s test revealed that significant difference existed in the seriousness of the constraints faced by the respondents in their farm activities. Constraints like high cost of transportation (mean=7.37), pest and diseases (mean= 7.36), bad road (mean= 7.33), lack of improved planting materials (mean= 7.26), and inadequate capital (mean= 6.82) were the most significant. Friedman test result (x2 =243.80) equally showed that high business competition (mean = 5.89) was the most significant constraint faced by the respondents in their non-farm enterprise. The general results show that rural women actually engaged in both economic and non-economic enterprises and that they derived more income from the farm and non-farm (N 361,713.12) which is their major source of income since farm activities do not sustain them adequately. it also showed or revealed the fact that where women are not diversified, they tend to have a higher level of investment in their sole enterprise be it farm or non-farm but regardless of whatever activities they are into, the women appear to be faced with certain constraints which affected their enterprise and the contribution to household quality of life. It is recommended that government should seriously consider formulating Policies that recognize the diversity and heterogeneity of women’s income generating activities and must seek to enable each type of IGAs to earn more income. This can be achieved through assurance of adequate access to credit facilities on reasonable terms for acquisition of necessary inputs. Alternatively the government and AID agencies should try to reach women so that they could have direct access to the information of any available assistance.
Publication Title Assessment of Cassava Peel/Palm Kernel Cake Meal (PKM) on Growth Performance and Blood Parameters of Lactating Sows (Agricultural Extension Implication) Download PDF
Publication Type journal
Publisher International Journal of Agriculture and Biosciences
Paper Link https://doi.org/10.47278/journal.ijab/2023.045
Publication Authors Moseri H* 1 , Umeri C1 , Onyemekonwu RC2 and Belonwu EN1
Year Published 2023-02-24
Abstract A four weeks study was carried out to assess the effect of cassava peel/palm kernel cake meal on the growth characteristics of lactating sows, piglets and blood parameters. Forty large white lactating sows with average weight (72-78kg) and piglets mean weight range from 27 to 35kg were randomly distributed to the five treatments in a completely randomized design (CRD). The combination was attained on one to one weight basis. The combinations replaced maize at 0 (control), 10, 20, 30 and 40%. Feed/water were made readily available. The results on performance characteristics, hematological parameters and serum biochemical parameters fed difference inclusion of cassava peel/PKC meal were significantly (P<0.05) influenced. Performance of lactating sows recorded a higher weight loss 30% (18.13kg) and piglet mortality 40% (14.81%), while piglet average weekly weight gained (7.5kg) and weaned (30) was better in 10%. However, this study recommended 10% level of cassava peel/pkc meal in lactating sow feed.